Googles Chaos Management Style Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Googles Chaos Management Style - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that chaos management is not a new terminology in the stream of organizational change management. Right from its first reference in Tom Peter's classical piece of chaos management to the literature till date, most of the organizers and managers have conventionally considered chaos management as essential to performance improvement and cost reduction. Detailed literature analysis on chaos and organizational change management has elucidated three major attributes; namely, chaos is a metapraxis, a complex process that is neither a process or a model but inherent in organizational reality; secondly, the theory of self-interest or self-perpetuation is in tandem with the principles of chaos, especially an ethic of connectivity and thirdly, the specific principles of chaos in the form of ‘connectivity, consciousness, and interdeterminacy’provide practical approaches to â€Å"network multilogue†, a socially interactive corporate environment with amenities of personal growth. An interesting observation in most of the literature on organizational management has been that the factor of chaos is unavoidable and always there to stay in business, especially in this racy times of extreme internet invasion affecting our lives. The organizational culture at Google is simplified, yet interesting. With a smart and determined task force, Google Company encompasses people from all walks of life, who speak a dozen of languages and reflect the global audience that they always serve. The idea is to maintain an open culture wherein everyone can feel comfortable sharing ideas and opinions.

Giving Credit Essay Example for Free

Giving Credit Essay Abstract In this assignment we compare the lives of two men that created inventions that changed the world we live in. Throughout their careers and success’ they had hurdles to jump and become innovative thinkers to create futures in their challenging industry. Great men and thinkers can move mountains and open paths to new industries. Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due As entrepreneurs in a growing world of technology and change Andy Grove and Michael Dell pioneered the industry. They were innovators, visionaries and industry leaders in their fields. Andy Grove envisioned change to create faster and more productive ways to utilize the way we process information. As an immigrant he passed through the walls of terror in his home country of Hungry which was facing many issues of destruction that the Nazi’s enforced. He fled to the United States in the 1960’s to create a better life and future for himself. Andy established a small company that he called Intel which created an immense new future for the computer technology. His contributions awarded him the esteem acknowledgement as Time Magazine’s person of the year. He pursued his dreams as all inventors to create products and progress in the ever-changing need for new technology. Andy Grove created the chip and the microprocessor that allowed information to be processed much faster and smaller in size. Mr. Dell also an inventor at an early age set up a laboratory in his dorm room while attending college to create his personal computer. His success with the personal computer caught on quick because he used a direct theory to include his customer in the structure of his product. Michael Dell believed that understanding his customer’s needs and issues would enable Dell to create good competitive products. He believed that cutting the middlemen out of the sales market would allow him that advantage. With that direct approach Dell was able to endure many obstacles as well as the recession that created market crashes in the early 2000’s. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business) Both Andy Grove and Michael Dell endured much criticism from competitors  because of their business approach and products and business logic. Mr. Grove instilled paranoia in his corporate CEOs so that they could become fearful of being caught off guard. Mr. Dell used his customers to create standards that would give him the leading edge over his competitors. Both were accused of manipulating the industry and deceiving the product consumers. Intel was accused of creating an inferior product that put fear into the consumer to believe the chips that were being used would create disastrous failures to the products who endorsed his chip. Dell had a simple approach to create sales and marketing by lowering the cost of his product by cutting out the middlemen which made him more competitive and viable to sustain the economic downfalls. His competitors accused him of lowering his cost so as to drive the market sales away from the non profitable companies. Both Mr. Grove and Mr. Dell used simple methods to approach the needs and creativity of the growing markets. Andy Grove made sure that being too comfortable with the products that his company offered just wasn’t going to be enough. He looked ahead to keep creating new products that would soon be replaced by a growing need for better technology. Mr. Dell never doubted his approach to keep his overhead down and modeled his success on a customer based product. He believed creating his product for the customers rather than just offering his product without realizing their valuable input. Their similarities are based on what the customer and technology needs to sustain a profitable and sustainable future. They share innovative ideas in product development and customer based satisfaction. They differed by the way each approached the markets, Intel needed to create a superior product sooner and more often to keep up with changing technologies. Dell used the customer to create products based on the user need. Each approached their core values of business and what works for them to create value and sustainability. Dell had the market share by using the internet to generate sales through machine to machine based sales and conserved his manpower to keep the cost of his product low. Intel spent many hours of research and product development to create new and innovative ground breaking products that led the industry standards. Mr. Grove believed that being complacent would drive him out of the industry and eventually close the doors. He encouraged his CEOs to listen to his sales team to find out the needs of the customers Andy Grove referred to those individuals as â€Å"Cassandra’s† that would pass on valuable customer feedback. His pushes to create paranoia made Intel strong and create rather than become comfortable because Grove feared that waiting for the market to fail made Intel week. Mr. Dell believed that his customers gave him the strength to survive and customize his business to their needs. Dell never overstocked and always built their product to order. Dell realized that over burdening their inventory would devastate their ability to keep costs down. Dell learned from their mistakes like the Olympic brand which compromised the need of customers and their ability to utilize technology threatened the Dell line of products. Dell made efforts to speak to the public and hear what they had to say and put that information into their products. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business) Both of these pioneers created a wealth of knowledge and bridged the technology industry to what is today. Innovation is the foundation of the industry and creating new and exciting products that can be user friendly and affordable make profits. Both of these two companies are very profitable and determined to create intelligent and appealing industries. The changing markets constantly demand new and better technologies that will enable us to accelerate computer speeds and retain more memory without absorbing higher prices and engineering. References American Psychological Association. 2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business)

Creation of a Web Based Business Property Website

Creation of a Web Based Business Property Website Isidoros Ioannou Creating an Innovative Business Nowadays, the cost of living has been increased significantly in the majority of the European countries. This raise can be reflected on the high amount of money spent by people for renting flats to reside. Especially, UK is the country that charges the highest rent rates to tenants among the other European countries (Guardian, 2015). It is inevitable for several groups of people, particularly students and young professionals to seek and rent a room in a flat share. The process of finding the suitable property and the appropriate future housemates is not easy at all. Living with other people is usually a complicated and difficult situation, because peoples characters are different and not everybody matches with each other. There are several aspects to consider when someone is choosing a property to rent or flat mates to live with. Most of the times people do not respect your privacy and this can lead to various conflicts (BBC ,2013), (thefirstpint, 2010). As a result, UK citizens spend every year a serious part of their income to find a residence that could meet their preferences and countless time to search for important information, such as potential housemates. In order to alleviate the problem of the significant amount of time and money invested for the process of finding a flat and suitable flat mate, a corresponding service provider needs to be developed. The company will focus on helping especially students and young professionals, since these two categories of humans are noticed to search usually for renting properties. The company named easyproperty would be web-based it would give the opportunity to their customers to search for the more suitable people to share a common property, according to their preferences. Customer will have to register first and submit their preferences and characteristics. These would be for example, occupation, gender, nationality, age, habits, interests, the amount of money they could afford to spend, their preferred location, etc. They could have also the capability to prioritize some of their input preferences, in order to the matching algorithms could give more effective results regarding their preferences. The customer could then perform a search on the website of the company. Its search mechanism will find the people that match mostly the customers preferences and concurrently will provide in the same page property recommendations from the databases of various agencies. The capability of altering the location and other attributes before search will be also included. The people list and property list will be sorted based on the people and properties that matched more successfully the persons inputs that conducted the search activity. However, the property list will be displayed with some peculiarities. In other words, for properties that nearly showed the same percentage of matching with the user, priority will be given to them that contain already residents. For instance, if a house consists of two rooms and only one is vacant, this house will be in a higher position in the list, compared to other houses. Currently in the market some competitors exist that offer similar services. The most renowned are SpareRoom.com, Rightmove.co.uk and Zoopla.co.uk. The technologies that these competitors use and the ones that the suggested company is going to use will be analyzed in detail in the following chapter. First of all, the immediate competitor of the authors suggested company is SpareRoom.com. It allows clients to perform searches for suitable flats or flat mates based on their preferences and characteristics. spareroom.com provides its services across all the UK and USA and it is the pioneer on its activity field in the UK since it counts nearly 6,499,202 registered users (spare room, 2017). The user can also register to the website and upload advertisements about suitable rooms or flat mates that he wishes to find. Other users can review these advertisements by performing search tasks to the systems database. One of the drawbacks that spareroom.com has it possess its own database system. This means that the searches are limited to the properties that are included only in its database. In addition, due to spareroom.com targets a wide range of the market, it is difficult to focus on certain categories of people, which in this case are students domestic and international among with you ng professionals. The operation and success of easyproperty will be based on its attempt to tackle the drawbacks of spareroom.com. It will use databases of each areas local estate agencies to offer more options to its users. The options will be mostly compatibles to the two fore mentioned categories of people that the company aims to target. On the other hand, the other remaining competitors, rightmove.co.uk and zoopla.co.uk provide only the option to users to search for the suitable room. They do not offer options for the user to search for a suitable flat mate. Both also use databases from local estate firms they cooperate with and offer a wide range of available property choices. Particularly rightmove.co.uk provides renting and sale services only in the UK while provides also selling services across Spain and France. (rightmove, 2017). Likely zoopla.co.uk provides renting and selling features only in UK but provides selling features for a wider domain of countries, nearly all over the world (zoopla, 2017). The competition with these companies is noticed on the establishment of cooperation with the local estate firms. The web based firm that the author suggests and will penetrate into the property estate market aims to offer efficient features to students and young professionals who are the main groups who cannot afford to rent a house by themselves and need to share a flat. The service that easy property offers is unique as it offers the opportunity to their users to find the most suitable house mate and at the same time it assists them to choose the most desired property to live. From the description of the services that the company will provide it is conceived that the environment of its activity will be the World Wide Web (WWW). According to Gong and Zhu (2009), the main service that an e-commerce electronic website provides is user registration, query, shopping and communicating online. As a result for our business, a functional e-commerce website would be the ideal choice. An electronic commerce website should equip WWW browse, data server, e-mail service, customer operation system together with web service system and so on software and hardware (Gong Zhu, 2009). In addition, the usability factor is vital for this kind of website, since it determines the intention of the customer to use and exploit the services of the website. The term usability refers to both a set of independent quality attributes such as user performance, satisfaction, and learnability (Green Pearson, 2011). In order to, satisfy these requirements and produce an effective and user fr iendly application, the author chose carefully the components that will constitute the website. The website will be developed using the WordPress Content Management System (CMS). It is a free open source tool that requires little programming experience and various free plugins. It will be integrated with php and HTML 5 web development technologies, since they are scripting languages focused on implementing website pages. They will offer dynamic connections to other websites and great responsiveness when the companys website will be displayed on different devices. This practice would result in a better user experience for the user, thus in a better usability (websitesetup.org, 2017). In addition, the Woo Commerce platform will be incorporated to the website as bridge with the companys server which will help with the data retrieval and manipulation from the server. Regarding the other components that are crucial for the operation and tasks of the website and were mentioned above, the author is going to use the most value for money solutions. For the domain name which will be www.easyproperty.co.uk the namecheap hosting company will be chosen. Other software elements, for example the web server and the business email server are provided also from the same company. The technology of cloud computing is really attractive to the majority of the small and medium size companies, since they are not obliged to invest a significant asset on hardware or software services. Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) (Jula et al., 2014). The service and the maintenance of the infrastructure is the responsibility of the cloud provider. Companies can exploit the high performance and the support that cloud providers offer without spending extra money (Laudon Laudon, 2016). From the four cloud computing service models: Software as a Service, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Network as a Service (NaaS), the company will depend on IaaS model for utilizing its data storage. Microsoft cloud will be chosen as the cloud provider. According to Payne and Frow (2005), a very important practice that plays important role in the success of the business is Customer Relationship Management (CRM). It is a practice that if a company implement efficiently, can easily achieve better relationship with its customers and increase the flow of them. The clients will be regularly notified about offers and services by sending those emails that will be stored in the companys database. Finally, the aim of the company is to expand its service by implementing the website into mobile applications. Cross-Platform tools enable the development of applications for multiple mobile operating systems (OS). It allows reusing the same source code for building an application for multiple platforms (Charkaoui, et al., 2014). By using one of the available cross platform tools it will save a lot of time and cost comparing to using native application development tools, since it requires developing separate apps for the different mobile OS and in a different programming language. Business model is the content, the structure and the administration of the transactions, which have been designed to create value and to exploit the various business opportunities. (Zot Amit, 2011). It explains the insight that a business should have in order to achieve revenue by defining its position into the value chain. (Rappa, 2010). According to Ostwalder and Pigneur (2010), the business model describes how an organization can achieve value creation, value delivery and value capture. The authors have also invented the Business Model Canvas which is a tool that organizes all the activities an organization should implement from the initial value proposition stage to the final stage of value capture. It is two dimensional depiction of nine vital blocks that help the organization to fulfill its objectives, achieve its goals and manage its products and resources. The Business Model Canvas contains the tree elements that define the successful activity lifecycle of a company. Value proposition is the activity of designing services and products that would provide value to customers. Value delivery is the activities the business implements for delivering their products and consequently the value to customers and value capture is the way the company has income from the above activities. The Business Model Canvas, as well as the detailed description of each block is discussed below. Â   Â   Figure 1: Business Model Canvas Customer segments Customer segments are the category of people that the company aims to offer value. The targeted audience of the easyproperty company will mainly consists of university students and young professionals, since these categories are most likely to be searching for flat mates in order to share an apartment. Value propositions/creation The value creation or value proposition is an element really important for any business. Any new business that enters the market should offer something unique or provide better services/products from similar organizations, in order to attract customers. The aim of the company is to provide advanced search features for its customer so that they could find the perfect roommate. This is achieved by providing many fields for entering the customer preferences and the ability to prioritize the ones that are more important for them. The next step is to give them a wide list of properties to choose from in various locations. By using the databases from local estate agencies and the advertisements of private landlords, clients have a lot of options to choose from. Finally the company will provide the opportunity for real estate companies to advertise themselves through the companys website. Channels The channels block contains all the means that the company communicates with its customers and these means are used mainly for marketing purposes. Social media like Facebook and Twitter will be used mostly. Then the website will contain all the links for our social media and also information about all the estate companies we cooperate along with links to their websites and social media. In addition, once the company will target students, the universities of each city could provide assistance in promoting the company. Also the student unions of each university. Finally for promoting our company on the web the Google AdWords is going to be used that could offer better positions on their search engine and advertisement. Customer relationships Customer relationships include the means that the company provides for interaction with its clients. The company will use the customer relationship management practice for maintaining close relationship with the customers and provide them with various means to contact. This could be achieved by direct interaction by visiting the companys office. Moreover through the telephone support that it will be provided on a 24 hour basis. In addition through the website or the mobile application by submitting a contact form and by posting on the social media. Revenue streams(Value Capture) In the revenue streams the sources of the companys income are explained. Firstly, the main source of income will be from the agencies and landlords once a client will get in contact with them and agree to rent or buy the property. The agreement process will begin from the website but it will be finalized face to face. Then the agency or landlord will finalize the deal to the companys website and pay the fee, which will be a 10% commission of the first rent. The customer can also cancel the deal and the fee will be returned. All these activities with the agencies will be agreed under contracts. Another source of revenue will be capability of agencies to be advertised through our company. The tool Google AdSense will be used which is operating in pay-per-click manner. Key resources The Key resources are the activities and resources used for developing the Value proposition/creation and for delivering the value to the clients. As resources could be considered first the company staff that will develop the website and is going to support the clients issues later. Another key resource is the staff that will operate the promotion campaign of the company. Finally the information about the properties of the private landlords that will be stored in the companys database and the databases of the estate agencies. Key activities (Value Delivery) Key activities are the most crucial operations for the execution of the companys business plan. This block contains all the tasks for delivering the value which was created in the value creation block. The initial activity is to develop a fully functional website that it will serve all the services explained in the value creation block. The next step is to sign contracts with the landlords and especially with the estate agencies. This is a very important step as the agencies databases will provide the clients with many options to choose. As advertisement and promotion plays an important role for every new established company, assign to a marketing team the promotion of the business is the next steps. Signing contracts with universities for promotion purposes in order to support students searching for apartments belongs also in this step. Finally as the business starts operating the final step is to develop mobile application for providing furthers to our clients to use our services. Key partnerships Key partnerships include the cooperation network of the company. The network will consist of the real estate agencies and the supply of their databases. Moreover, experience promoting agencies, the University staff and students. Cost structure It summarizes the different costs the company has to make for the value creation. In the cost structure, the staff wages and the hardware equipment are included, for example computer infrastructure. Also the cost of hiring a promotion company and flat wages for the domain and the email server. Finally the annual costs of the cloud services (database) and the hosting server should be added. Previous researchers like Rappa proposed a classification of the various business models instead of a detailed description of what each includes. He supports that a business model should just describe how a firm produces revenue based on its position in the value chain. He proposes nine main categories of business model: Brokerage, Advertising, Infomediary, Merchant, Manufacturer, Affiliate, Community, Subscription and Utility model (Rappa, 2000). The proposed business belongs to some of these categories and the reason is explained below. Firstly the company could be classified to the Brokerage model, since its activities focus on the business to customer (B2C) market as it helps customers who are searching for a room to let, to contact the estate agencies that manage the room they wish to rent. In other words it operates as an intermediate between students, young professionals and the real estate agencies. In addition the company charges a fee as commission for every agreement it is achieved between customers and agencies. Particularly, based on the subcategories of the Brokerage model, the company could be described as a distributor as it offers catalogue services and acts as a bridge between customers and agencies. Moreover, it is a search agent as it enables the customer to search properties according to its preferences (Rappa, 2010). The company also could be classified also to the advertising model. The income from the advertisements of the agencies is secondary. The website contains advertises of agencies and n ew entried apartments in the form of banners. Also advertisement messages about new apartments that were inserted and match the users previous searches are sent to the emails of registered users. Finally it could be stated that the company has some characteristics of the Affiliate model. For instance, it enables the client to contact the agency or the landlord, whenever the customer has access to the Internet. Also it charges the agencies that advertise themselves through the website by the pay per click way. According to Timmers (1998) a business mode is an architecture for the product, service and information flows, incorporating simultaneously descriptions of the sources of revenues, description of the actors and the benefits for them. He recognized eleven business models for the operation of the business transactions which are: e-shop, e-auction, e-mall, e-procurement, third party marketplace, virtual communities, value chain service providers, value chain integrators, collaboration platforms and information brokers. References Adrian Payne, Pennie Frow (2005) A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Marketing: October 2005, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 167-176. BBC News. (2017). Houseshares: How do people avoid picking a terrible housemate? [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24622858 [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Bachelor, L. (2017). UK tenants pay more rent than any country in Europe. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2015/jun/24/uk-tenants-pay-more-rent-than-europe [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Chandrasekhar, I. (2017). London Flat Hunting tips: Dos and donts for UK flat search [online] Thefirstpint.co.uk. Available at: http://www.thefirstpint.co.uk/2010/10/09/flat-hunting-useful-tips-advice/ [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Charkaoui, S., Adraoui, Z. Benlahmar, E. H., 2014. Cross-platform mobile development approaches. In: Third {IEEE} International Colloquium in Information Science and Technology,2014, Tetouan, Morocco, pp. 188-191 David T. Green J. Michael Pearson (2011) Integrating website usability with the electronic commerce acceptance model. In: Behaviour Information Technology, 30:2, pp. 181-199 Gong Y., Zhu C.,(2009). Design and implementation of electronic commerce website. In: 2009 ISECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management, IEEE Jula, A., Sundararajan, E. and Othman, Z. (2014). Cloud computing service composition: A systematic literature review. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(8), pp.3809-3824. Laudon, K., Laudon, J., (2015). Management Information Systems, Managing the Digital Firm, Pearson Namecheap (2017). Domain Names Cheap Domain Names [online] Available at: https://www.namecheap.com/ [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. (2010), Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. Wiley, Hoboken Rightmove. (2017). About Rightmove [online]. Available at: http://plc.rightmove.co.uk/about-us/company-overview.aspx [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Spareroom (2017). The UKs #1 Flatshare Website. [online]. Available at: https://www.spareroom.co.uk/content/about/about-spareroom-new/ [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Timmers, P. (1998, 04). Business Models for Electronic Market. Electronic Markets, 8(2), 3-8 Websitesetup, (2017). How to Make a Website Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. [online] Available at: https://websitesetup.org/ [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. WooCommerce eCommerce for WordPress. (2017). [online] WooCommerce. Available at: https://woocommerce.com/ [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Zoopla. (2017). About Zoopla [online]. Available at: http://www.zoopla.co.uk/about/ [Accessed 16 Feb. 2017]. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010), Business Model Design: an activity system perspective. Long range planning, 43(2), 216-226.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire :: essays research papers fc

The Fall of the Roman Empire For men who had easily endured hardship, danger and difficult uncertainty, leisure and riches, though in some ways desirable, proved burdensome and a source of grief. The causes for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic cannot be attributed to a single event, trend or individual, rather it was due to a combination of all three in varying degrees. The principal and fundamental cause was the breakdown of the political checks and balances, particularly the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This subversion occurred both accidentally and through the subversive behavior of individuals, unconsciously and consciously undermining the fabric of the republic in their quest for power and glory. One substantial outcome of this incapacitation was the emergence of violence as a political means. Once this had occurred the end of the old republic was heralded an autocratic dictatorship was born. The republic was born out of a collapsed monarchy and was specifically geared to prevent a centraliz ation of power. The mechanisms to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a document that outlined the ladder of offices. It demanded, among other things, 10 years of military or legal service before any magistracy could be held, annual election and two years between consecutive offices. This system was designed to ensure that no individual could become too powerful by dividing jurisdiction between several groups and allowing for veto. The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius are often blamed for causing divisions and antagonizing the aristocracy and particularly the senate by introducing laws and legislation that, although promoting egalitarianism for the poor, were catalysts to later breaches of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws enacted without consulting the senate. This weakened the senate's power and started a trend of ignoring the senate that remained until the breakdown. These Graccian reforms included the implementation of a welfare system whereby R omans citizens would be given free corn and the Lex Agraria or land reforms that broke down the latafundia and increased the number of small-scale farms. The welfare corn system not only aroused violent anger from the nobility but also created an urban mob that relied on handouts and later participated in violence. Tiberius Gracchus ran for election to the tribunate for two years consecutively (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct contradiction to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they heard of Tiberius' plan, killed him.

Economic Security of South Korea Essay

The economy of South Korea is ranked at fifteenth place in the world. In terms of its relation with the United States, South Korea is the seventh largest trading partner. South Korea is well known for its high level of growth in economic field. Before 1960, South Korea was just another poor third world country and hardly known regionally as well as internationally. Its economic booming has elevated South Korea in the eyes of international cooperation especially the Organisation for Cooperation and Development (OECD). Factors Affecting The Economic Security Life span Primary health care has improved tremendously for past decades. Consequently, good quality of life has contributed to longer life span among the population of South Korea citizens. Therefore the median of age of working population has shifted towards older generation.The aging population seems to be of major concern among the economic community because they might affect the economic growth of the nation. In order to sustain rapid economic growth South Korea would require constant support from the young and dynamic generations. Education The economy needs continuous supply of skill labours to sustain growth. Even though the government preach for the need of educated society, the financial allocation is low compare to the needs of parents in educating their children. Hence, the parents end up paying high price for additional classes in school as well as high tuition cost in tertiery education for securing good career. The cost of education is so high that each family restricted the number of children in order to provide excellent education for the child. Even then, the competition is stiff and demands for the need of furthering studies to a higher degree. North and South Relation The relationship between North and South Korea remains an enigma in the sense that their economic status is wide apart where the south enjoys the booming of industry while the north deteriorating. Without the humanitarian aid, the people of North Korea would continue to suffer from food shortage. Having consider the hunger situation of people of North Korea, there is always a military threat towards South Korea. However, South Korea remains hopeful that its volatile neighbour would open its barrier to economic aids thus playing the role of good neighbour. Even though North and South Korea still under conflict, the economic relationship between the two countries remain strong. Being a communist country, China is the largest trading partner for North Korea. However, South Korea has risen to be the second largest partner in terms of economic trade with North Korea. These economic ties is constantly under pressure due to the high possibility of incidences under volatile North Korea foreign policy as well as influences from the communist bloc. For instance, in March 2010, North Korea had torpedoed South Korean warship resulted in 46 soldiers were killed. Despite all the evidence pointing towards her, North Korea deny the responsibility. However, South Korea suspended its trade relationship with North Korea. In another incidence, North Korea fired artillery shell onto Yeonpyeong Island killing two civilians and wounding another 13. These incidences even though had not escalated to full blown war project serious economic security for the Sou th Korea. Globalisation Another factor which affects the economic security of a nation is globalisation. By virtue of globalisation, it increases the interconnectedness of nation and people of the world as the communication and transportation becomes cheaper, faster and readily available. Globalisation reduces the artificial barrier of national border, hence allowing the flow of goods, capitals, services, people and knowledge across the world faster than before. Rapid globalisation allows nation to trade with other nation thereby creating mutual economic interdependence. Economic interdependence is recognised as a positive factor which promote security. South Korea adopted the strategies in using the economic interdependence in order to advance its security goals. Their strategy can be clearly seen in the diplomatic relations towards neighbouring military threat i.e. China. The similar strategy is also adopted towards large powerful nations such as Soviet Union. South Korea’s strategy towards his immediate neighbour North Korea was based partly on the economic interdependence. In the long run, the economic integration might serve as a check and balance on the head of government policies towards each other. Hence the economic integration serve as to avoid any disruption for those links by the use of military threat. (Kahler and Kastner, 2004). Financial Crisis By the same token, globalisation also foster a threat to the security of a nation via economic conflict. The economic crisis of 1990 which struck the markets in Asia shocked the nations and many financial institutions. The globalisation leads to economic openness which in turn causes susceptible economic security since it allows for foreign investors to gain ownership on domestic enterprises. The crisis had caused major implication on South Korea economy as well as a few other countries in South East Asia including Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. At the beginning of the crisis the assets had deflated down to the new record low, forcing economic panic in South Korea. In order to sustain economic stability, South Korea succumbed to the adjustment programs after bank lending was suddenly stopped. Fortunately, the economy of South Korea return to rapid recovery. In the world of globalisation, information technology becomes the trend of the decade. Hence, South Korea is able to enjoy economic growth because of the high demand in consumer spending for electronic gadgets. The growth will continue to flourish as long as South Korea able to stimulate consumer spending through innovation of technology. The big question is how long can South Korea sustain new innovation to keep the demand pour in and continue to expound economic expansion. On the other hand, globalisation reduces vulnerability through diversity of suppliers and markets. Therefore, economic pressure as well as unilateral sanction becomes less effective because the multi trade relations would able to absorb the pressure. For example, even though China is a major trading partner for South Korea, it cannot act unilaterally on South Korea because of its relation with other super power such as the United States. By the same token, North Korea may pressure South Korea to some extent but would apply cautious because of its relation with China and the United States. Transnational Organised Crimes Another factor that may affect the economic security of South Korea is the infamous transnational organised crime i.e the terrorist attack. The September 11, 2001 shocked the whole world when the World Trade Center building in the United States of America was brought down. The terror caused the world to rethink of the new dimension brought about by the terrorist activities. Even though the tragedy was halfway across the globe, South Korea was also affected because the US was its major trading partner economically. Since the economy of South Korea is widely known for its growth, many have overlooked the threat it creates among the people of South Korea. According to the report, South Korea has one of the highest suicide rates in the world where it has doubled over the last decade. The flourishing economy has increase the standard of living hence putting a lot of strain on household income. Moreover, the success story of economic turnover had masked the financial constraint among small and medium businesses as well as the people who were indebted. The reforms had causes high unemployment as well as unstable employment. In other words, the economy has created insecurity among certain group of population which ended up with suicide notes. Epidemic attack The economy of a country is susceptible to any sporadic of epidemic or pandemic attack of viruses. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a type of Atypical Pneumonia which can kill. It was identified in 2003. Due to its ability to spread quitely within the travelling group, and later created killer pneumonia, the whole world population were discourage to travel. South Korea was not spared of the economic consequences of SARS. Tourism industry was the most affected. Domestically, some public places such as school were closed and shopping mall suffer declined number of customers because of fear of SARS. Community restricted the movement for necessary requirement causing reduction in consumer expenditures and consumer services. However, the effect on economy was minimal compare to other South East Asia countries such as Hong Kong and China. The economic security fluctuates according to the demands of the international arena. When the prices of chips increase and the oil price reduces, South Korea gain positive trade advantages and pocketed tremendous profit because it was the second major supplier of chips to the United States. On the other hand, any sign of price weakening of electronic markets or a hike in oil prices could severely punished the South Korea economy because its export is based on electronics. Summary Undenialbly, economic security is not a new dimension in international relations. It has always been part of the security plan of the governing body of the nation. It is being exploited so as to avoid any security breach of of one government on another government as well as its policy. Each governement would consider economic interdependence with cautious and wariness because it can create both security as well as vulnerability.

When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing

When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing Kanji are  characters used in modern Japanese writing, equivalent to the Arabic letters in the alphabet used in English, French, and other Western languages. Theyre based on written Chinese characters, and along with hiragana and katakana, kanji make up all of written Japanese.   Kanji was imported from China around the fifth century. The Japanese incorporated both the original Chinese reading and their native Japanese reading, based on what was then an entirely spoken version of the Japanese language.    Sometimes in Japanese, the pronunciation of a particular kanji character is based on its Chinese origin, but not in every instance. Since theyre based on an ancient version of the Chinese pronunciation, on-readings usually bear little resemblance to their modern-day counterparts.   Here we explain the difference between on-reading and kun-reading of kanji characters. Its not the easiest concept to understand and is probably not something beginning students of Japanese need to worry about. But if your goal is to become proficient or even fluent in Japanese, it will be important to understand the subtle differences between on-reading and kun-reading of some of the most used kanji characters in Japanese.   How to Decide Between On-Reading and Kun-Reading Simply put, on-reading (On-yomi) is the Chinese reading of a kanji character. It is based on the sound of the kanji character as pronounced by the Chinese at the time the character was introduced, and also from the area it was imported. So an  on-reading of a given word might be quite different from modern standard Mandarin. The kun-reading (Kun-yomi) is the native Japanese reading associated with the meaning of a kanji.   Meaning On-reading Kun-reading mountain () san yama river ( sen kawa flower () ka hana Almost all kanji have On-readings except for most of the kanji that were developed in Japan (e.g. è ¾ ¼ has only Kun-readings). Some dozen kanji dont have Kun-readings, but most kanji have multiple readings.   Unfortunately, there is no simple way to explain when to use  On-reading or Kun-reading. Those learning Japanese need to memorize how to  correctly stress syllables and proper  pronunciation  on an individual basis, one word at a time.   On-reading is usually used when the kanji is a part of a compound (two or more kanji characters are placed side by site). Kun-reading is used when the kanji is used on its own, either as a complete noun or as adjective stems and verb stems. This is not a hard and fast  rule, but at least you can make a better guess.   Lets take a look at the kanji character for æ ° ´ (water). The on-reading for the character is sui and the Kun-reading is mizu. æ ° ´ (mizu) is a word in its own right, meaning water. The kanji compound æ ° ´Ã¦â€ºÅ"æâ€" ¥(Wednesday) is read as suiyoubi. Kanji On-reading Kun-reading - ongaku(music) - otosound - seiza(constellation) - hoshi(star) - shinbun(newspaper) -atara(shii) (new) - shokuyoku(appetite) - ta(beru)(to eat)